2 Pre-Web Technologies That Had Opposite Fates

There have been many technologies that were invented before the creation of the World Wide Web in 1991. Some of them are now obsolete, as many more modern and efficient technologies have pushed the old ones aside. But there are also some technologies that are still widely used to this day.

Email
















Google's Gmail

Electronic mail also known as email or e-mail is a method of exchanging messages using electronic devices. Currently there are about 4 billion email accounts and approximately 300 billion emails are sent everyday worldwide. So how did email get it's start? The first email-like software entered usage in the early 1960s, but it had it's limits. You could only send messages if the users were on the same computer and the early versions required the author and the recipient to be both online simultaneously. In 1971 Ray Tomlinson developed the first system that was able to send messages to different hosts on the ARPANET using the @ sign to link user names to servers. By 1976 75% of ARPANET's traffic was electronic mail. The idea proved to be so useful that people began to think how to send emails to external networks. By the 1980s Internet Service Providers started connecting people all around the world and thus also email hosting sites began emerging. The first email standard was called Simple Message Transfer Protocol (SMTP). It was very simple and is still in use, but there is a security issue with the protocol. It does not check if the person claiming to send the message is actually the person they claim to be. In 1996 Hotmail, the first popular webmail email service launched and was later bought by Microsoft. In 2004 the Beta version of Gmail was released and in 2009 the Beta label was removed and the now famous Gmail came to be.

Telnet












The Operating Scheme of Telnet

Telnet was developed in 1969 and stands for Teletype Network. It is an application protocol used on the internet to provide a bidirectional communication facility using a virtual terminal connection. Today practically no one uses Telnet anymore, but why is that? When it was first developed security was not that much of an issue since only academic institutions or large private or government facilities used the protocol in their local networks. That meant that the data sent, including the passwords were not encrypted and people could eavesdrop on any communication and maliciously use the gathered data whenever and for whatever reason they wanted. But when the Bandwidth explosion came in the 1990s more people started attempting to hack other people's servers, meaning that Telnet would need a better encrypted alternative. In 1995 a better alternative, the Secure Shell Protocol was developed that encrypted communications. Today SSH has practically replaced Telnet except for legacy equipment that does not support modern protocols.

References:

  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Email
  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_email
  • https://phrasee.co/blog/a-brief-history-of-email/
  • https://blog.cloudflare.com/the-history-of-email/
  • https://www.bookyourdata.com/email-list-database/a-brief-history-of-email
  • http://www.nethistory.info/History%20of%20the%20Internet/email.html
  • https://www.thinkautomation.com/histories/the-50-year-history-of-email/
  • https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/mar/07/email-ray-tomlinson-history
  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telnet
  • https://www.ssh.com/ssh/telnet
  • https://www.lifewire.com/what-is-telnet-2626026
  • https://www.extrahop.com/resources/protocols/telnet/
  • https://www.britannica.com/technology/Telnet
  • https://schoolworkhelper.net/telnet-history-purpose-advantages-disadvantages/
  • https://www.encyclopedia.com/science-and-technology/computers-and-electrical-engineering/computers-and-computing/telnet

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